Tom Chen western civilization blog

1346 The strain of Y. pestis emerges in Mongolia May, 1347 One ship arrives in Constantinople, which, once infected, loses as much as 90 percent of its population. October, 1347 Sicily the plague kills half the population and moves to Messina.  November, 1347 The plague arrives in France, brought by another of the Caffa ships docking in Marseille. It spreads quickly through the country. January, 1348  the plague killed 60 percent of the Venetian population. April, 1348 The plague awakes an anti-Semitic rage around Europe, causing repeated massacres of Jewish communities. June, 1348 The plague enters England through the port of Melcombe Regis, in Dorset.  Summer, 1348 The plague hits Marseille, Paris and Normandy, and then the strain splits, with one strain moving onto the now-Belgian city of Tournai to the east and the other passing through Calais. October, 1348 Edward blames the plague on garbage and human ex...

Avignon city in France. Popes would live there for the next 69 years. Great Schism known as the event when the split in the church began. Eventually forced three popes to resign. Left the papacy greatly weakened. John Wycliffe englishman who preached that Jesus Christ, not the pope, was the true head of the church. Believed that the clergy should own no land or wealth. Taught that the bible alone was the final authority for christian life. Jan Hus professor in Bohemia, who taught that the authority of the bible was higher than that of the pope. was excommunicated in 1412. was seized by church leaders. tried as a heretic. burned at the stake. Bubonic Plague a deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people. Hundred Years War a conflict in which england and france battled on french soil on and off from 1337 to 1453. Joan of Arc a teenage french peasant girl who felt moved by god to rescue france from its english con...

the battle of the hasting fought: how did this event affect the course of english history? william granted England to 200 norman lords this unified control of the land and laid the foundation for centralized government in england how did Henry II strengthen England's legal system? sent royal judges to London at least once a year (collected taxes, crimes, etc.) also introduced the use of jury in English courts How did Phillip strengthen the central government in France? increased land under his control how did Philip strengthen the central government in france? he established royal officials called bailiffs that went out from Paris to every french district to preside over the king's court and collect the king's taxes How did Louis strengthen the monarchy while weakening feudal ties? created a French appeals court local lords don't have authority to make decisions anymore How was this meeting a major step toward democratic government? Knight from every ...

 Farmers began using a new type of harness that fitted across a horse's chest. horses replaced oxen for plowing and pulling wagons; horses can plow 3x more than oxen. Using tree-field system, farmers began to grow crops on 2/3 of their land each year, rather than half. increased food production. Merchant and craft guilds organize and change ways to do business. More and better products are available. The commercial revolution changes trade and banking practices. serfs move to town; workers paid for labor. As trade blossomed and farming methods improved, the population of western Europe rose from around 30 million to about 42 million between 1000 and 1150. people move from manors to the town; town air makes you free (if you escape and live in a town for a year and a day, you are free). As people left life on the manor for life in towns, they challenged the traditional ways of feudal society in which everyone had a place. the emergence of the middle class. Authors ...

The Benedictine monastery was founded at Cluny. Reforms there had a desire to return to basic principles of Christianity. The power of the pope was extended. The church had its own court, tax system, and diplomats. Nearly 500 Gothic cathedrals were built and decorated between 170 and 1270. The church was wealthy; because cathedrals represented the city of god, they were glorious buildings, richly decorated. The Byzantine emperor appealed to the Count of Flanders for help. The Muslims were threatening to conquer his capital of Constantinople. Pope Urban II issued a call for a Crusade. The goal of his military expedition was to covour Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims Turks. There was an outpouring of support of the First Crusade. Many knights were fired by religious zeal. Others were looking for land, riches, and adventure. Kings and the Church saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of quarrelsome Knights who fought each other and who threatened the pea...

 Charlemagne Unites the Germanic Kingdoms What role did the church play to help Clovis, conquer other Germanic people? Roman church gave support to Clovis military. what role did Pope Gregory the great play in spreading the idea of vast unified kingdom? Pope Gregory need roaming church collect taxes, declined wars, negotiate peace treaties. what was important about Charles Martel's victory at the battle of tours? he stop the spread of Islamic in Europe, Europe stayed Roman Catholic, Spain and south Portugal stayed Muslim. how did Pepin the short strength in the Frankish kingdom? Pepin cooperated with the Pope and won the support of the church. what was the importance of Charlemagne's coronation as Emperor? the event signaled the joint of Germanic power and the church and the heritage of the Roman empire. how did Charlemagne govern his unified kingdom? he unified his empire by limiting noble power and control government officials. middle ages the era of Euro...

1. Otto invades Italy on pope’s behalf. Following Charlemagne's footsteps 2. Pope Gregory bans lay investiture. The Church began to resent the control the kings had over the clergy, and the Church reformers felt that bishops shouldn't be under the power of the king. 3. Henry IV travels to Canossa. He tried to win the Pope's forgiveness 4. Representatives of Church and emperor meet in Worms. Gregory & Henry's successors fought over lay investiture until 1122 5. Lombard League fights Battle of Legnano. Holy Roman Empire slaughtered Italian merchants, angering the Church Clergy a body of officials who perform religious services - such as priests, ministers, or rabbis. Sacrament one of the Christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people. Canon Law the body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian church. Holy Roman Empire an empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting of mai...

Education -seven years of age a young boy can become a Paige and learns strategies -age of 14 Paige can become a squire of a knight -age of 21 you become a knight Weapons and equipment -saddles -stirrups -armor -high flying missiles War games local games or tournaments to learn strategies Code of chivalry -had to be brave, loyal, and courtesy -defend 3 masters: God, feudal lord, and chosen lady -to protect all of the weak Castle life lived in and protected the home of their feudal lord Romantic love -expected to defend the chosen lady -entertain the chosen lady (songs and love poems) chivalry ideal behavior tournament mock battle troubadour a poet musician Which ideas associated with chivalry have remnants in todays society? Men today should be loyal, brave and courteous. What are two inventions from Asia that changed the technology of warfare in western Europe? Leather saddles and stirrups. The saddle kept the warrior firmly in place and the sti...